Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) In Nagpur
Our Treatments / Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) In Nagpur
What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in nagpur is a form of blood and bone marrow cancer, occurring within the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced.
The term “chronic” in CLL denotes its typically slower progression compared to other leukemia types. Meanwhile, “lymphocytic” refers to the specific cells impacted by the disease — a type of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, crucial for fighting infections.
CLL predominantly affects older adults and is characterized by manageable treatment options aimed at disease control.
Types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) can arise in either B-cells or T-cells, both of which are types of white blood cells known as lymphocytes:
- B lymphocytes (B-cells) produce antibodies, which are proteins targeting viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign invaders.
- T lymphocytes (T-cells) regulate the body’s immune response. They directly attack and eliminate abnormal cells, including cancerous ones.
The vast majority of individuals diagnosed with CLL have B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, there is a related condition affecting T-cells known as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). Unlike B-cell CLL, T-cell PLL tends to progress more rapidly, resulting in quicker onset of symptoms.
Symptoms
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be asymptomatic. However, as the cancer advances, signs and symptoms may emerge, such as:
- Enlarged lymph nodes, typically painless.
- Fatigue.
- Fever.
- Discomfort or pain in the upper left abdomen, often due to spleen enlargement.
- Night sweats.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Increased susceptibility to frequent infections.
How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will begin by inquiring about your symptoms and conducting a physical examination. Additionally, they may order the following tests:
Complete blood count (CBC) with differential: This test evaluates the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in your blood, as well as the amount of hemoglobin present in your red blood cells.
Peripheral blood smear: A medical pathologist examines your blood cells under a microscope to identify any cancerous blood cells.
Flow cytometry: This laboratory test provides detailed information about your blood cells. In CLL, flow cytometry is used to determine the presence of CLL cells within your white blood cells.
Genetic tests: Pathologists utilize techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) testing to analyze your chromosomes and genes. Understanding any mutations or changes in chromosomes and genes assists providers in devising an appropriate treatment plan for CLL.
How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated?
Treatment approaches for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are tailored to individual symptoms and test findings. For instance, in cases of early-stage CLL, healthcare providers may recommend watchful waiting, also known as active surveillance.
During watchful waiting, treatment is postponed while closely monitoring overall health, symptoms, and test results.
Genetic test results also play a crucial role in treatment decisions. Specific genetic alterations may indicate a higher likelihood of disease progression or reduced effectiveness of standard CLL treatments.
Common treatments for CLL encompass targeted therapy and chemotherapy. In some instances, radiation therapy may be utilized to alleviate CLL symptoms. Each treatment modality carries its own set of potential side effects. Your healthcare provider will discuss the benefits, side effects, and potential long-term complications associated with each treatment option.